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John Kirk (explorer)
John Kirk CMG KCB (19 December 1832 – 15 January 1922) was a Scottish physician, naturalist, companion to explorer David Livingstone, and British administrator in Zanzibar. He was born in Barry, Angus, near Arbroath, Scotland and is buried in St. Nicholas's churchyard in Sevenoaks, Kent, England. He earned his medical degree from the University of Edinburgh. He was a keen botanist throughout his life and was highly regarded by successive directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: William Hooker, Joseph Dalton Hooker and William Thistleton-Dyer.
==Career==
After the death of Livingstone, Kirk pledged to continue Livingston's work to end the East African slave trade. For years he negotiated with the ruler of Zanzibar, Sultan Bargash, gaining his confidence and promising to help enrich the East African domain through legitimate commerce. The Sultan banned slave trading in 1873 and by 1885, the region was larger and more profitable. Unfortunately, after the Berlin Conference of 1884–85, the British Government forced Kirk, as British Consul in Zanzibar, to drop the Sultan as part of the "Scramble for Africa".〔Ferguson N. (2003). ''Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World''. p. 236.〕
In 1882 he was awarded the Patron's Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society for his achievements.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 title=List of Past Gold Medal Winners ) 〕
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